INTRODUCTION:

In India, 21,000 plants are classified as medicinal by the WHO. India is home to about seven thousand different plant species. Plants have been crucial in preserving human health and raising standard of living. Compared to synthetic formulations, herbal medications have several advantages, including a longer pharmacological effect and reduced metabolic toxicity.

Since very ancient times, the traditional Indian medical systems (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha) have made extensive use of this plant, cinnamon. Apart from being a chemical that lowers cholesterol, lowers inflammation, is antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and lowers cardiovascular disease.¹

Antioxidant Activity:

The genuine antioxidants in drugs are those that either function as reducing agents (like ascorbic acid or sodium bisulphite) or preferentially oxidize or block an oxidative chain reaction (like ascorbic acid esters or butylhydroxy anisole). They are included in pharmaceutical formulations as chain inhibitors of radical-induced breakdown or as redox systems with greater oxidative potential than the medicine they are intended to protect.²

Mechanics of action:

Antioxidants have the effect of breaking up the chains that are created during the propagation process by giving the free radical an electron or a hydrogen atom and absorbing the extra energy that the activated molecule possesses. Topical antioxidants have the potential to stop chain reactions by eliminating free radical intermediaries and to prevent further oxidation reactions by becoming oxidized themselves. This could protect the skin from the damaging effects of free radicals on the environment. Prevention of the generation of free radicals. Oxidants Grabbing.³

Cinnamon:

The Lauraceae family includes cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Cinnamon cassia), the evergreen of tropical medicine. Many tree species are known by the name "cinnamon," as are the products of commercial spices that some of these species make. They are all members of the Lauraceae family, namely the Genus Cinnamomum. There are only few species of Cinnamomum that are commercially produced for spices. In Western Europe and North America, imported cassia and cinnamon are distilled to create bark oil. A significant amount of the cinnamon bark oil is also supplied by Sri Lanka. The United States is the largest importer, followed by France. The Seychelles and Sri Lanka both leaf oil.⁴

Fig. No.1: Cinnamon bark

Due to its mouth-refreshing properties and capacity to eliminate bad breath, cinnamon is added to chewing gum in addition to being used as a spice and flavoring agent. Additionally, cinnamon can strengthen the colon’s health and lower the chance of colon cancer.⁵

Chemical Constituents:

Many resinous substances, such as cinnamaldehyde, cinnamonate, cinnamonamic acid, and other essential oils, make up cinnamon. Cinnamyl acetate, cinnamyl alcohol, eugenol, linalool, cuminaldehyde, and pinene are examples of essential oils.⁶

Fig. No.2: Cinnamaldehyde

Fig. No.3: Cinnamyl Alcohol

Uses:

Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Anti-inflammatory.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Materials:

The cinnamon bark was collected and the inner bark of the cinnamon tree is scraped off and dried at 70 to 75 degrees Celsius, and grill into a powder and used as the study material.

Chemicals:

Cinnamon oil, Glycerin, Propylene glycol, bees wax, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, propylparaben, methyl paraben, liquid paraffin. Stearic acid.⁷

Extraction of pure cinnamon powder:

Ethanol extraction process:

Method of Soxhlet extraction:

100g of cinnamon sticks were broken up into smaller bits and put inside a thick filter paper thimble, which was then put into the Soxhlet extractor's main chamber. Ethanol was the extraction solvent employed. For five to ten hours, the solvent was heated to reflux at a temperature higher than 100°C. Following extraction, the products were gathered and refined at a constant temperature of 50°C using a rotating evaporator. In order to ensure that every last bit of ethanol contained in the oil crude had evaporated into the atmosphere, the samples were rotovap and then placed under a fume hood for an hour.⁸

Preparation of o/w cream formulation:

The basic cream is made in accordance with the IP standard process. Initially, take a beaker. Three grams of beeswax and ten milliliters of liquid paraffin are added to that beaker. After heating the mineral oil with stearic acid, lanolin, and beeswax to 70°C, terpineol is added. In a separate beaker, bring 2 grams of borax and 5 milliliters of distilled water to 70 degrees Celsius. Add the. Add this aqueous solution to the heated mixture of wax and oil after adding Triethanolamine to maintain the pH. Until a creamy emulsion forms, forcefully stir.⁹

Extract and water soluble ingredients (propyl and methyl paraben) were dissolved in (Part B) and heated to 80°C. Following heating, parts of the aqueous phase were introduced to the oil phase while stirring continuously to form a cream. The resulting cream had an excellent lemon yellow color. Once the temperature dropped to 45 0C +-50 0C, perfume was added.¹⁰

EVALUATION:

1) Physical properties:

Table No 1: The cream was observed for colour, odour and appearance

Sr. No	Properties	Observation
1.	Colour	Light brown
2.	Odour	Characteristic
3.	Appearance	Semi-solid

2) Stability Studies:

The ICH's guidelines were followed when conducting the stability studies. The cream was put in a bottle and kept for a month in a humidity chamber at 30 ⁰Cand 65 percent relative humidity (RH). Toward the finish of studies, tests were examined for the actual properties and consistency.

Table No.2: Stability Studies

Test	After one month
Colour	Light brown
Odour	Characteristic
Appearance	Semi-solid
Texture	Smooth
PH Value	Neutral
Thermal Stability	Stable
Degradation of product	No

3) Determination of pH:

Take a 1gm of the cream weighted accurately in a 10 ml test tube (1). Then add 5 ml water and dispersed the cream in it(1). The pH of the suspension was determined at 25-27 ⁰ C.by using the pH meter. pH is 6-7.

4) Spreadability test:

A significant standards for semisolids is that it have great spreadability. The extent to which the cream easily spreads upon application to the skin is referred to as its spreadability. A formulation's spreading value also plays a role in determining its therapeutic efficacy.¹¹

RESULT:

The vast majority of the world's population still rely on herbal medicine to meet their health requirements, and as a result, extensive research is currently being conducted in this field.

a. The security investigations of the different boundaries like visual appearance, nature, pH of the plans showed that there was no critical variety following fourteen days of the review time frame.

b. The pH of the pre-arranged cream with the concentrate was viewed as around 6 which is reasonable for skin application on the grounds that the pH of the skin is between 6-7

c. The definition of cream shows no redness, edema, aggravation and bothering during Patch Test review. These details are protected to use for skin.

d. The spreadability studies demonstrated that formulations have better spreadability.

e. The figured out creams were tried for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms by refined it with agar medium. There were no indications of microbial development after hatching time of 24 hours at 370 C and having more antifungal property as contrast with standard.

CONCLUSION:

Herbal cosmetics are highly sought after and are being used in personal care systems at a rate that has multiplied. The prepared cinnamon cream has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. The vitamins B and K are included in the cinnamon powder. Its strong antioxidant content has been demonstrated through clinical research to potentially aid prevent disease, inflammation, and aging. Using cinnamon cream on a daily basis reduces signs of aging and heals and prevents acne. The use of bioactive substances in cosmetics affects the skin's biological processes and supplies nutrients required for healthy skin and hair. Launching many herbal cosmetics with the right bioactive ingredients—fatty oils, essential oils, proteins, and additives—has a lot of potential

REFERENCES:

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2. Munteanu IG, Apetrei C. Analytical Methods Used in Determining Antioxidant Activity: A Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 25;22(7):3380. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073380.

3. Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao and Siew Hua Gan. Cinnamon: A Multifaceted Medicinal Plant.

4. Indu Rawat, Nisha Verma and Kushagra Joshi. Information Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum). 2020

5. Mohiuddin AK et al. Skin Care Creams: Formulation and Use. 2019

6. Medically reviewed by Katherine Marengo LDN, R.D., Nutrition — By Yvette Brazier on et al., January 3, 2020

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8. Y.C. Wong, M. Y. Ahmad-Mudzaqqir and W.A. Wan-Nurdiyana et al. Extraction of Essential Oil from Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum. 2020

9. Rumana Azad, K.L. Wasantha Kumara, Gamini Senanayake, R.A.A.K. Ranawaka, D. K. N. G. Pushpakumara, Sudarshanee Geekiyanage. Flower Morphological diversity of cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum). 2018

10. Pasupuleti Visweswara Rao and Siew Hua Gan et al. Cinnamon: A Multifaceted Medicinal Plant. 2014

11. Lalita Chauhan’s et al. Preparation Methods, Evaluation and its Applications. 2020

Received on 02.08.2024 Revised on 08.10.2024

Accepted on 25.11.2024 Published on 05.12.2024

Available online on December 28, 2024

Research J. Topical and Cosmetic Sci. 2024; 15(2):75-78.

DOI: 10.52711/2321-5844.2024.00013